Ethel Lilian Voynich & Xiong Tingyu Zong Duanhua 
Gadfly 

An illegitimate son of a rich merchant’s second wife and a priest Montanelli, the protagonist Arthur Burton was born into the rich Italian merchant family. He endured the discrimination from his half-brother and sister-in-law, but he did not know the reasons. Regarding him as the mentor and father, Arthur pays high respect to priest Montanelli. As Italy was invaded by Austria, Arthur decided to join the Youth Movement and fight for the cause of national independence. After priest Montanelli was transferred, the new priest seduced Arthur to reveal their movements and names of his compatriots in repentance. As a result, Arthur and his companions were imprisoned. Arthur’s girlfriend mistakenly thought Arthur betrayed them and slapped him in the face. At the same time, Arthur realized that he was an illegitimate son, throwing himself into extreme despair and thus going into exile to South America. Thirteen years later, he returned to Italy being a determined revolutionist, a "gadfly"adept both in pen and sword. Arthur was jailed. Montanelli wanted to persuade him to give up the cause by using paternal love and giving up priesthood. However, Gadfly attempted to let Montanelli choose between God and his son recalling his own tragic experiences. Yet, neither of them was willing to abandon their own faith. Finally, the gadfly sacrificed while Montanelli suffered mental illness and died desperately.