Rene Descartes 
Meditations on First Philosophy 

This book is one of the most important works of the famous French philosopher Descartes, and is regarded as the foundation of modern Western philosophy. The conception of innateness, the dualism of mind and body, the supremacy of reason and the search for the determinism of knowledge expounded in the book directly triggered the wave of rationalism in the European continent and had a profound influence on the philosophy of later generations.