Henry David Thoreau 
Civil Disobedience 

Civil Disobedience is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. In it, Thoreau argues that individuals should not permit governments to overrule or atrophy their consciences, and that they have a duty to avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of injustice. Thoreau was motivated in part by his disgust with slavery and the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

Mahatma Gandhi credited Thoreau’s essay with being ‘the chief cause of the abolition of slavery in America.’

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Henry David Thoreau (1817 –  1862) was an American naturalist,  essayist,  poet, and philosopher. A leading transcendentalist,  he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay ‘Civil Disobedience’ (originally published as ‘Resistance to Civil Government’), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.

Thoreau’s books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry amount to more than 20 volumes. His literary style interweaves close observation of nature, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and attention to practical detail. Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.