Mohamed Daoudi & Anuj Srivastava 
3D Face Modeling, Analysis and Recognition 

3D Face Modeling, Analysis and Recognition presents
methodologies for analyzing shapes of facial surfaces, develops
computational tools for analyzing 3D face data, and illustrates
them using state-of-the-art applications. The methodologies chosen
are based on efficient representations, metrics, comparisons, and
classifications of features that are especially relevant in the
context of 3D measurements of human faces. These frameworks have a
long-term utility in face analysis, taking into account the
anticipated improvements in data collection, data storage,
processing speeds, and application scenarios expected as the
discipline develops further.

The book covers face acquisition through 3D scanners and 3D face
pre-processing, before examining the three main approaches for 3D
facial surface analysis and recognition: facial curves; facial
surface features; and 3D morphable models. Whilst the focus of
these chapters is fundamentals and methodologies, the algorithms
provided are tested on facial biometric data, thereby continually
showing how the methods can be applied.

Key features:

* Explores the underlying mathematics and will apply these
mathematical techniques to 3D face analysis and recognition

* Provides coverage of a wide range of applications including
biometrics, forensic applications, facial expression analysis, and
model fitting to 2D images

* Contains numerous exercises and algorithms throughout the
book

Table of Content

Preface ix

List of Contributors xiii

1 3D Face Modeling 1
Boulbaba Ben Amor, Mohsen Ardabilian and Liming Chen

1.1 Challenges and Taxonomy of Techniques 2

1.2 Background 3

1.3 Static 3D Face Modeling 7

1.4 Dynamic 3D Face Reconstruction 14

1.5 Summary and Conclusions 31

Exercises 33

References 35

2 3D Face Surface Analysis and Recognition Based on Facial Surface Features 39
Faisal Radhi M. Al-Osaimi and Mohammed Bennamoun

2.1 Geometry of 3D Facial Surface 39

2.2 Curvatures Extraction from 3D Face Surface 53

2.3 3D Face Segmentation 57

2.4 3D Face Surface Feature Extraction and Matching 59

2.5 Deformation Modeling of 3D Face Surface 71

Exercises 73

References 74

3 3D Face Surface Analysis and Recognition Based on Facial Curves 77
Hassen Drira, Stefano Berretti, Boulbaba Ben Amor, Mohamed Daoudi, Anuj Srivastava, Alberto del Bimbo and Pietro Pala

3.1 Introduction 77

3.2 Facial Surface Modeling 78

3.3 Parametric Representation of Curves 80

3.4 Facial Shape Representation Using Radial Curves 81

3.5 Shape Space of Open Curves 81

3.6 The Dense Scalar Field (DSF) 90

3.7 Statistical Shape Analysis 94

3.8 Applications of Statistical Shape Analysis 98

3.9 The Iso-geodesic Stripes 103

Exercises 114

Glossary 116

References 117

4 3D Morphable Models for Face Surface Analysis and Recognition 119
Frank B. ter Haar and Remco Veltkamp

4.1 Introduction 120

4.2 Data Sets 121

4.3 Face Model Fitting 122

4.4 Dynamic Model Expansion 129

4.5 Face Matching 141

4.6 Concluding Remarks 144

Exercises 145

References 146

5 Applications 149
Stefano Berretti, Boulbaba Ben Amor, Hassen Drira, Mohamed Daoudi, Anuj Srivastava, Alberto del Bimbo and Pietro Pala

5.1 Introduction 149

5.2 3D Face Databases 150

5.3 3D Face Recognition 157

5.4 Facial Expression Analysis 170

5.5 4D Facial Expression Recognition 184

Exercises 192

Glossary 193

References 198

Index 203

About the author

Mohamed Daoudi, TELECOM Lille 1, France Professor Daoudi
is a member of the computer science department at TELECOM Lille 1,
and a member of the IEEE. Prof. Daoudi is an editor of the Journal
of Multimedia and has been a guest co-editor of the Annals of
Telecommunications for a special issue on Technologies and Tools
for 3D Imaging. He co-edited 3D Object Processing: Compression,
Indexing and Watermarking published by Wiley in 2008.

Anuj Srivastava, Florida State University, USA Professor
Srivastava is a member of the department of statistics at Florida
State University, and a member of the IEEE and ASA. He has been an
associate editor of the Journal of Statistical Planning and
Interference, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, and IEEE
Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, which he
also edited a special issue of on Shape Modeling. He has published
over 30 journal papers and 7 book chapters in edited volumes.

Remco Veltkamp, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
Professor Veltkamp is a member of the department of Information and
Computing Sciences at Utrecht University, focusing on multimedia
applications. He is an editor of Pattern Recognition Journal and
the International Journal on Shape Modeling. He has also guest
edited several journals including a special issue on Multimedia
Algorithmics in Multimedia Tools and Applications, and a
special issue on Shape Reasoning and Understanding in Computers
& Graphics. Prof. Veltkamp has published 30 journal papers, 13
book chapters in edited volumes, co-edited several conference
proceedings and has co-edited State-of-the-art in Content-based
Image and Video Retrieval published by Springer in 2001.