Jacob Abbott 
Julius Caesar 
Makers of History Series

Julius Caesar was one of the most influential figures in ancient Roman history. Born into an aristocratic family in 100 BCE, Caesar embarked on a political career that would profoundly impact the Roman Republic.

As a young man, Caesar rose through the ranks of the military and government, gaining popularity with the Roman people. After forming political alliances through his marriage to Cornelia, Caesar was elected Pontifex Maximus and later praetor and consul.

However, Caesar earned the suspicion of his fellow senators and was ordered to disband his army. Caesar refused, crossing the Rubicon river into Italy in 49 BCE and igniting a civil war against forces led by Pompey the Great. After seizing control of the Roman Republic, Caesar was appointed dictator.

As dictator, Caesar enacted a series of reforms including centralizing power, reducing debt, expanding Roman citizenship, and reforming the calendar. His military conquests expanded Roman territories across Europe and Africa.

But Caesar’s immense power threatened republican traditions, angering senators who feared Caesar desired to become king. A conspiracy led by Brutus and Cassius assassinated Caesar in 44 BCE on the Ides of March.

Caesar’s rise and dramatic demise made him an iconic figure. His military genius, political savvy, and ruthless ambition changed the course of Roman civilization. Caesar’s life demonstrated the capabilities and follies of ambitious individuals in a republic plagued by corruption. His legacy as a brilliant tactician and transformational dictator looms large in history. Julius Caesar remains one of the most compelling figures of the ancient world.