Samuel Butler 
The Way of All Flesh 

Samuel Butler’s novel, ‘The Way of All Flesh’, delves deep into the Victorian era, critiquing societal norms and exploring the themes of religion, family, and morality. Butler’s writing style is both witty and satirical, offering a sharp commentary on the hypocrisies of the time. The novel’s narrative structure mirrors the protagonist’s journey towards self-discovery and liberation, making it a compelling and thought-provoking read for those interested in 19th-century literature. Butler’s use of irony and subtle humor adds layers of complexity to the story, inviting readers to ponder on the timeless questions of morality and individuality. Born into a strict Victorian family himself, Butler drew inspiration from his own experiences and observations of the society around him, infusing the novel with a sense of authenticity and depth. ‘The Way of All Flesh’ is a must-read for those seeking a captivating exploration of society, morality, and personal growth in the Victorian era.

Sobre o autor

Samuel Butler (1835–1902) was an English novelist, essayist, and critic, recognized mainly for his satirical and probing literary style. Born on December 4, 1835, in Langar, Nottinghamshire, he was the son of the Rev. Thomas Butler, which influenced much of his skeptical views on Victorian religiosity, reflected in his works. Butler’s education at Shrewsbury School and St John’s College, Cambridge, led him initially towards a clerical career path that he would ultimately renounce, embracing instead, a life dedicated to the arts and literature.

Butler’s literary achievements are predominantly underscored by his semi-autobiographical novel, ‘The Way of All Flesh, ‘ published posthumously in 1903. The book, a scathing critique of Victorian-era hypocrisy and the fallacies of family and societal pressures, remained unpublished during Butler’s life due to its controversial content for the era. The narrative’s richly detailed character studies and the interplay between free will and determinism were groundbreaking, forecasting narrative techniques that would resonate with the modernist literary movement. Butler’s unique blend of irony, philosophical inquiry, and psychological depth did not just craft a literary career but also influenced literary modernism, propelling his work to be revisited by contemporary scholars with fresh interest. Though ‘The Way of All Flesh’ represents his most celebrated legacy, Butler’s wide-ranging oeuvre, which includes ‘Erewhon’ (1872) and ‘Erewhon Revisited’ (1901), continues to be studied for its forward-thinking views on topics like evolution, existentialism, and the critique of mechanical thought. Samuel Butler’s contributions as a prolific thinker and author endure in the pantheon of English literature.