Hiroto S. Watanabe 
Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 74 

The opening chapter of this compilation extensively reviews scientific literature analyzing new molecular targets, ongoing research and future perspectives in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, a rare group of pathologically and clinically heterogeneous tumors. The significance of PI3K pathway components in lung cancer progression are highlighted, as well as possible therapeutic targets that can be explored in an effort to control the disease. Following this, the authors assess the contributions of flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 along with cytochrome P450 enzymes in Bu metabolic pathways, and analyze their effects on Bu kinetics. The role of the pro-tumorigenic cytokines and the significance of dysregulated notch signaling in the progression of colonic inflammation and carcinogenic transformation is also discussed. The current concepts of nutritional oncology in head and neck cancer patients are revised through a systematic literature search. Significant malnutrition has been reported due to several factors, such as a reduced dietary intake due to dysphagia and odynophagia, or catabolic factors secreted by the head and neck tumors. Lastly, an overview of cervical cancer screening around the world is provided. In the United States, a combination of HPV-testing and cytology method, the HPV-test-alone, and cytology-alone are widely performed.