Elizabeth Jane Errington 
Wives and Mothers, School Mistresses and Scullery Maids 
Working Women in Upper Canada, 1790-1840

Errington explores evidence of a distinctive women’s culture and shows that the work women did constituted a common experience shared by Upper Canadian women. Most of them not only experienced the uncertainties of marriage and the potential dangers of childbirth but also took part in making sure that the needs of their families were met. How women actually fulfilled their numerous responsibilities differed, however. Age, location, marital status, class, and society’s changing expectations of women all had a direct impact on what was expected of them, what they did, and how they did it. Considering "women’s work" within the social and historical context, Errington shows that the complexity of colonial society cannot be understood unless the roles and work of women in Upper Canada are taken into account.