Samuel Butler 
Evolution, Old & New 
Or, the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, / as compared with that of Charles Darwin

Samuel Butler’s ‘Evolution, Old & New’ is a groundbreaking work that challenges the conventional theories of evolution prevalent during his time. Through a series of thought-provoking essays, Butler questions the idea of natural selection and introduces his own theory of evolution through the concept of ‘unconscious intelligence’. The book is written in a sharp and witty style, filled with clever analogies and observations that push the boundaries of traditional scientific thought. In a literary context, ‘Evolution, Old & New’ stands out as a unique blend of scientific inquiry and philosophical musing, making it a fascinating read for anyone interested in the intersection of science and literature. Butler’s careful analysis of Darwinian evolution and his bold proposals for a new framework provide readers with a fresh perspective on the ongoing debate surrounding evolutionary theory. Samuel Butler, a Victorian era writer known for his satirical works, drew inspiration for ‘Evolution, Old & New’ from his deep interest in the natural sciences and skepticism towards established scientific dogmas. His unconventional ideas and sharp wit shine through in this book, showcasing his ability to challenge conventional wisdom and provoke critical thinking. I highly recommend ‘Evolution, Old & New’ to readers who are looking to explore alternative perspectives on evolution and who enjoy intellectually stimulating works that push the boundaries of scientific thought.