James Russell Lowell 
The Biglow Papers 

James Russell Lowell’s ‘The Biglow Papers’ is a collection of satirical poems written in the Yankee dialect, addressing political and social issues of the time. Published in 1848, during the tumultuous period leading up to the American Civil War, the work criticizes the Mexican-American War and explores themes of patriotism, justice, and the power of the common man. Lowell’s use of humor and wit adds depth to his commentary, making the poems both entertaining and thought-provoking. The literary context of ‘The Biglow Papers’ as a work of political satire places it alongside other influential 19th-century American writers such as Mark Twain and Edgar Allan Poe. Lowell’s clever wordplay and keen observations make this collection a classic of American literature.

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James Russell Lowell (1819–1891) was an esteemed American Romantic poet, critic, satirist, writer, diplomat, and abolitionist. As a member of the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets to rival the popularity of British poets, Lowell left an indelible mark on American literature. He is particularly remembered for ‘The Biglow Papers’, which originally appeared in 1848 and later in a second series in 1862. This seminal work is a collection of satirical poems presented in a mock-heroic form, written in Yankee dialect, which trenchantly criticizes the Mexican-American War and slavery, reflecting Lowell’s strong political convictions and abolitionist beliefs. Lowell’s verse combined the keen wit and political savvy of satire with a distinctive American vernacular style. Beyond ‘The Biglow Papers’, his body of work includes notable collections such as ‘A Fable for Critics’ and ‘The Vision of Sir Launfal’. His literary outputs, which extend beyond poetry to essays and literary criticism, display Lowell’s wide-ranging intellectual interests and mastery of form and language. As a Professor at Harvard and an ambassador to Spain and to the United Kingdom, Lowell also contributed to fostering international literary and cultural exchanges. His writings continue to be studied for their stylistic brilliance and profound engagement with social and political issues of his time.