Lowell T. Duncan 
Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 28 

Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 28 opens with a focus on meningoencephalitis, a broad term encompassing inflammation of the brain as well as the overlying meninges, and the authors review its different causes, diagnostic methods and treatment. A general overview of the COVID-19 virus among the human population is provided, after which the underlying clinical manifestations and effects on those living with HIV are addressed. An overview is also provided on Cushing’s syndrome, a rare disorder caused by pathologic cortisol overproduction with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms such as weight gain, irregular periods, depression, and anxiety. The authors describe propofol use and administration during drug-induced sleep endoscopy, a technique that plays an important role in detecting dynamic anatomical variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Following this, musculoskeletal changes due to prolonged usage of screen touch devices are defined, described, and classified, along with validated diagnostic assessment tools. The results of genetic association studies of multifactorial oral and dental conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental enamel defects, and apical periodontitis are discussed. The procedure for performing a safe and reproducible standard cholecystectomy is carefully defined, considering all tips and tricks. The closing study focuses on miscarriage, the most frequent obstetric complication affecting about 15% of all pregnancies.