Siavash Gheshmi & Mohsen (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA) Shahinpoor 
Robotic Surgery 
Smart Materials, Robotic Structures, and Artificial Muscles

Robotic surgery has already created a paradigm shift in medical surgical procedures and will continue to expand to all surgical and microsurgical interventions. There is no doubt that in doing so robotic surgical systems, such as the da Vinci surgical system, will become smarter and more sophisticated with the integration, implementation, and syner